But this is not to be. Leonard : Look, memory can change the shape of a room, the color of a car; and memories can be distorted. They're just an interpretation; they're not a record. They're irrelevant if you have the facts. There are several psychological features at the core of the film.
One is the accuracy of memory: does memory reflect reality or is it a story? Neuroscientists largely agree that both perception and memory, rather than being passive responses to events in the world are constructions.
What we perceive and remember is a mix of raw sensory data and belief about what the world is or should be. The term confabulation is used when a perception or memory is based more on belief than reality. In Memento we are faced with the question of how much of Leonard's memory of the past is real and how much constructed from beliefs and wishes. A second, and more important issue is the role of memory in personhood, in individual identity. My initial insight of the role of memory in personal identity came from reading John Locke, the 17th century English philosopher.
For Locke, personal identity depends on the construction of a conscious story-line of self, a "same continued consciousness". According to Locke, self depends on mind, not substance:. Self depends on consciousness, not on substance Suppose I wholly lose the memory of some parts of my life, beyond a possibility of retrieving them, so that perhaps I shall never be conscious of them again Absolute oblivion separates what is thus forgotten from the person Suppose I wholly lose the memory of some parts of my life But if it be possible for the same man to have distinct incommunicable consciousness at different times, it is past doubt the same man would at different times make different persons.
Basil Smith summarizes this well: "Locke argued that personal identity is a matter of our conscious memories over time. Locke's conception of identity was, for me, a revelation. But the full impact did not hit until I saw Memento. By forcing the viewer to imagine life without memory, I could feel the sense of self oozing away. Without memory, self would be a mystery. Locke proposed a concept of personal identity based on memory; Memento takes the us into the mind of an amnestic mind and reveals the loss.
In sum, Memento takes us on a fantastic journey. Through remarkable cinematography and creative story-telling, Christopher Nolan guides us through the mind of Leonard and ourselves.
This is indirectly alluded to in the movie. Could have been due directly to a blow to the head, or, more likely, lack of oxygen to the brain. Bilateral damage to the hippocampus causes anterograde amnesia identical to the deficit described by Leonard. The black and white scenes are shown chronologically. That is, the first black and white scene you see is the earliest event to take place within the narrative. The color scenes are shown in reverse chronological order. That means that as the movie progresses, each color scene takes place earlier within the narrative than its preceding color scene.
Both the color and black and white narratives meet in the narrative middle and conclude the movie. Got it? What medical condition is our protagonist, Leonard, dealing with in the film? But this is where things get a little bit tricky: It seems Leonard can form new memories, as we see him taking Polaroid shots and writing valuable bits of information on them during the color sequences.
He does this in order to preserve memory that he knows will dry up momentarily. Or better yet, tell the tattoo artist what he wants inked on his torso? Or, in this case, to annotate a Polaroid. To provide the viewer means to piece together and understand the storyline, key scenes repeat at certain intervals throughout the film. These scenes work as clues: they give new information needed to understand the plot. Key repeating moments in the film give viewers the information they need to understand the storyline.
The scenes cause identical reactions in the viewer's brain. The results deepen our understanding of how the brain functions, how narratives work in film, and memory mechanisms impaired by conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
Every time they appear, the key moments make the same regions of the brain react in an identical fashion. Even the brains of different viewers show similar activity during the same vital scenes. So far it has been difficult to capture indications of simultaneous understanding in the brains of several viewers with brain imaging methods. We have now, however, managed to identify brain activity connected to the story being reconstructed in the viewer's mind.
The repeating key moments in Memento provide an opportunity to pinpoint viewers' cognitive activities: they react in a similar way to the information they get from the key moments', explains Professor Pia Tikka of Tallinn University, who leads the NeuroCine research group initially formed in Aalto University.
The research made use of functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI -- which measures changes in the blood oxygen levels in the brain -- and also multivariate analysis when comparing the brain activity of different viewers.
The brain was divided into three-dimensional data points called voxels. Using multivariate analysis, the researchers studied the activation patterns of the voxels. The key moments in the film triggered similar and repeating patterns the researchers say are close to being "neural fingerprints. The researchers observed the fingerprint patterns across large regions of the brain, especially in the prefrontal lobe and parietal lobe.
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