The brain develops extra nicotine receptors to accommodate the large doses of nicotine from tobacco. You may feel anxious, irritable, and have strong cravings for nicotine. One effect of smoking is reduced oxygen supply to the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ in the inner ear. This may result in permanent damage to the cochlea and mild to moderate hearing loss.
Smoking causes physical changes in the eyes that can threaten your eyesight. One of the effects of nicotine from cigarettes restricts the production of a chemical necessary for you to be able to see at night. Also, smoking increases your risk of developing cataracts and macular degeneration both can lead to blindness. Smoking takes a toll on your mouth. Smokers have more oral health problems than non-smokers, like mouth sores, ulcers and gum disease.
You are more likely to have cavities and lose your teeth at a younger age. You are also more likely to get cancers of the mouth and throat. Smoking can cause your skin to be dry and lose elasticity, leading to wrinkles and stretch marks. Your skin tone may become dull and grayish. By your early 30s, wrinkles can begin to appear around your mouth and eyes, adding years to your face. Smoking raises your blood pressure and puts stress on your heart. Over time, stress on the heart can weaken it, making it less able to pump blood to other parts of your body.
Carbon monoxide from inhaled cigarette smoke also contributes to a lack of oxygen, making the heart work even harder. This increases the risk of heart disease, including heart attacks. Smoking makes your blood thick and sticky. The stickier the blood, the harder your heart must work to move it around your body. Sticky blood is also more likely to form blood clots that block blood flow to your heart, brain, and legs.
Over time, thick, sticky blood damages the delicate lining of your blood vessels. This damage can increase your risk for a heart attack or stroke. Smoking increases the cholesterol and unhealthy fats circulating in the blood, leading to unhealthy fatty deposits. Over time, cholesterol, fats, and other debris build up on the walls of your arteries.
This buildup narrows the arteries and blocks normal blood flow to the heart, brain, and legs. Blocked blood flow to the heart or brain can cause a heart attack or stroke. Blockage in the blood vessels of your legs could result in the amputation of your toes or feet. Smokers' lungs experience inflammation in the small airways and tissues of your lungs.
This can make your chest feel tight or cause you to wheeze or feel short of breath. Along with nicotine, people who smoke inhale about 7, other chemicals in cigarette smoke. Many of these chemicals come from burning tobacco leaf. Some of these compounds are chemically active and trigger profound and damaging changes in the body. Tobacco smoke contains over 70 known cancer-causing chemicals. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, causing many diseases and reducing health in general.
Passive smoking exposure of the non-smoking mother to second-hand smoke can also harm the fetus. A person who smokes throughout their life is at high risk of developing a range of potentially lethal diseases, including:. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Around 75 per cent of Melbourne's air pollution is caused by vehicle emissions. When asbestos fibres become airborne, people working with asbestos may inhale particles which remain in their lungs.
Aspergillus is a fungus that commonly grows on rotting vegetation. It can cause asthma symptoms. Asthma cannot be cured, but with good management people with asthma can lead normal, active lives. Exposure to second-hand smoke increases the risk of children developing asthma and provokes more frequent asthma in children with asthma.
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Smoking increases your risk of developing more than 50 serious health conditions. Some may be fatal, and others can cause irreversible long-term damage to your health. It also causes cancer in many other parts of the body, including the: mouth throat voice box larynx oesophagus the tube between your mouth and stomach bladder bowel cervix kidney liver stomach pancreas Smoking damages your heart and your blood circulation, increasing your risk of developing conditions such as: coronary heart disease heart attack stroke peripheral vascular disease damaged blood vessels cerebrovascular disease damaged arteries that supply blood to your brain Smoking also damages your lungs, leading to conditions such as: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD , which incorporates bronchitis and emphysema pneumonia Smoking can also worsen or prolong the symptoms of respiratory conditions such as asthma , or respiratory tract infections such as the common cold.
It can also reduce the fertility of both men and women. Health risks of passive smoking Secondhand smoke comes from the tip of a lit cigarette and the smoke that the smoker breathes out.
Babies and children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of secondhand smoke. Health risks of smoking during pregnancy If you smoke when you're pregnant, you put your unborn baby's health at risk, as well as your own. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of complications such as: miscarriage premature early birth a low birth weight baby stillbirth Read more about stopping smoking in pregnancy. Getting help Your GP can give you information and advice on quitting smoking.
Further information Is passive smoking harmful?
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